HB 3166 establishes a judicial commutation process, allowing courts to reduce sentences for inmates who demonstrate rehabilitation, diminished risk, or other changes in circumstances that justify a shorter sentence. The bill includes victim notification provisions, ensuring that victims or their families are informed of commutation motions and hearings. The legislation does not apply to inmates convicted of certain violent offenses, including those listed under Texas' "3G offenses" such as capital murder and aggravated sexual assault​.