HB 4063 proposes to amend the Texas Property Code by creating Section 12.020, which regulates the filing and release of a “unilateral memorandum of contract” concerning residential property. A unilateral memorandum is a document signed only by a person who is not the property owner, claiming a legal interest or right—such as an option to purchase, right of first refusal, or contract to buy—pertaining to a residential property. These memoranda, if left unchallenged, can cloud title and hinder an owner’s ability to sell or finance their property.
The bill establishes procedural safeguards by requiring that any person who files such a memorandum must notify the property owner via certified mail at the time of filing. The property owner may respond by recording a counter-affidavit stating that no such contract or agreement exists or is enforceable. Once recorded, this affidavit—if uncontested—has the legal effect of rendering the unilateral memorandum void and unenforceable after 45 days. It also shields future bona fide purchasers or mortgage lenders from being bound by the claims made in the memorandum.
If the original filer wishes to dispute the property owner’s affidavit, they must file a contradicting affidavit within the same 45-day window to preserve their claim. If they do not, their only remaining remedy is to pursue monetary damages, rather than specific enforcement of any interest in the property.
Overall, HB 4063 creates a clearer and fairer process for handling unilateral claims of interest in residential property. It provides property owners with meaningful protections against unsubstantiated filings and protects the marketability of title by clarifying the legal status of such memoranda.
The Committee Substitute introduces several key revisions to the originally filed version to clarify definitions, expand applicability, and refine procedural protections for property owners. One of the most significant changes is the broader definition of a "unilateral memorandum of contract." While the original bill limited this to documents asserting an option to purchase or a right of first refusal or first offer, the substitute version expands the definition to include assertions of a contract for purchase, right to match offers, and other similar rights. This broadens the scope of filings the law would cover, thereby offering more comprehensive protections to property owners from unauthorized encumbrances.
Additionally, the substitute bill strengthens the effectiveness of an owner's affidavit challenging a unilateral memorandum. In the original version, the owner's affidavit served to release only an option or right under the memorandum. The Committee Substitute expands this by providing that the affidavit effectively nullifies any asserted contract or interest described in the memorandum unless rebutted within 45 days. Moreover, the substitute clarifies that once the affidavit is recorded and uncontested, the memorandum no longer creates constructive notice or affects the enforceability of claims against subsequent purchasers or lenders.
Another important revision is found in the legal remedies section. While both versions state that the only remedy after the owner’s affidavit becomes conclusive is money damages, the committee substitute explicitly states that this applies regardless of whether the purchaser or lender knew of the memorandum. This reinforces certainty for third parties and minimizes title risk. The substitute also modifies technical language throughout the forms for affidavits and certificates of mailing, improving clarity and usability for laypersons and legal professionals alike.
Overall, the committee substitute improves upon the original by expanding its protective reach, simplifying the process for owners to clear invalid claims, and reinforcing the legal reliability of recorded affidavits. These changes enhance the bill’s alignment with goals of protecting private property rights and maintaining integrity in real estate records.