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*Editor’s Note: This article has been updated to correct statewide voter turnout figures. An earlier version referenced early voting participation. According to the Texas Secretary of State, more than 2.9 million Texans cast ballots in the November 2025 constitutional amendment election, representing just under 16 percent of registered voters. This reflects an increase from the 2023 amendment election, when about 2.5 million Texans voted, or roughly 14.4 percent turnout.
In the November 2025 Texas Constitutional Amendment Election, voters approved all 17 proposed amendments to the state constitution. This continues a long-standing trend in which Texans routinely affirm measures advanced by the Legislature with bipartisan support. The results bring the total number of constitutional amendments since 1876 to 547.
The approved amendments touch on a wide range of issues, including property tax relief, infrastructure investment, bail reform, parental rights, and border security. Most passed by comfortable margins. The closest contest was Proposition 6, which banned securities transaction taxes and still passed with 54.9 percent of the vote. Statewide turnout reached just under 16 percent, with more than 2.9 million Texans casting ballots according to the Texas Secretary of State. That marks an increase from the 2023 constitutional amendment election, when about 2.5 million Texans participated, representing 14.4 percent of registered voters. While turnout improved slightly, participation remains historically low for elections of this kind.*
2025 Texas Constitutional Amendment Election Unofficial Results
| Proposition | Subject | Votes For | Votes Against | Percent For | Outcome | TPR Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Texas State Technical College funding | 2,041,859 | 916,217 | 69.03 % | ✅ Passed | ❌ No |
| 2 | Capital gains tax ban | 1,937,917 | 1,026,718 | 65.37 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 3 | Bail reform for violent felonies | 1,809,465 | 1,150,122 | 61.14 % | ✅ Passed | ❌ No |
| 4 | Texas Water Fund infrastructure funding | 2,077,449 | 872,670 | 70.42 % | ✅ Passed | ❌ No |
| 5 | Animal feed tax exemption | 1,847,664 | 1,057,001 | 63.61 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 6 | Ban on securities transaction taxes | 1,588,054 | 1,306,101 | 54.87 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 7 | Veteran spouse homestead exemption | 2,542,959 | 405,386 | 86.25 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 8 | Death tax prohibition | 2,140,379 | 823,406 | 72.22 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 9 | Business equipment tax exemption | 1,896,300 | 1,019,501 | 65.04 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 10 | Fire disaster homestead exemption | 2,632,027 | 315,875 | 89.28 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 11 | Elderly & disabled property tax exemption | 2,294,314 | 659,066 | 77.68 % | ✅ Passed | ❌ No |
| 12 | Judicial Conduct Commission reform | 1,796,384 | 1,105,659 | 61.92 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 13 | Homestead exemption increase to $140,000 | 2,348,815 | 609,203 | 79.41 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes (with reservations) |
| 14 | Dementia Prevention & Research Institute of Texas | 2,016,281 | 924,001 | 68.57 % | ✅ Passed | ❌ No |
| 15 | Parental Bill of Rights | 2,065,714 | 890,983 | 69.87 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 16 | U.S. citizenship requirement to vote | 2,132,473 | 831,308 | 71.95 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
| 17 | Border infrastructure property tax adjustment | 1,668,285 | 1,237,102 | 57.42 % | ✅ Passed | ✅ Yes |
Source: Texas Secretary of State — Unofficial Results, November 2025 Constitutional Amendment Election.
How the Results Compare to Our Recommendations
Texas voters and Texas Policy Research found considerable agreement on many amendments, but diverged on several major constitutional changes. Texas Policy Research supported measures that strengthened property rights, reduced taxes, and protected individual liberty, while opposing amendments that created new constitutionally dedicated funds or expanded the scope of government authority.
The majority of voter-approved measures aligned with the organization’s principles of free enterprise and limited government. Propositions such as the bans on capital gains and death taxes, expanded business exemptions, and reaffirmations of parental rights and citizenship requirements reflected enduring public support for Texas’s low-tax, pro-liberty model.
However, several amendments that TPR opposed also received strong approval from voters. Proposition 1 established permanent funds for the Texas State Technical College System outside the appropriations process. Proposition 4 redirected $1 billion annually into a Texas Water Fund without legislative renewal. Proposition 3 codified preventive detention into the Constitution, expanding judicial power and pretrial detention. Proposition 11 increased exemptions for elderly and disabled Texans while shifting financial obligations to other taxpayers. Proposition 14 created a $3 billion medical research institute that now exists beyond regular budget oversight.
The results demonstrate that Texans remain deeply skeptical of new taxes but are increasingly comfortable embedding favored programs and spending priorities directly into the Constitution.
Themes From the 2025 Constitutional Amendment Election
The 2025 amendment election affirmed that fiscal conservatism remains central to Texas political culture, but it also revealed an evolution in how that conservatism is expressed. Voters continue to reject any form of new taxation and are quick to support amendments that lock in fiscal restraint. At the same time, they are more open to constitutionally mandated spending when it is framed as investment in workforce training, water infrastructure, or medical research.
Social and governance themes also played a major role. The Parental Bill of Rights and the amendment requiring U.S. citizenship to vote both passed easily, reflecting the electorate’s preference for reinforcing long-held conservative values. Public safety and judicial accountability also resonated with voters, as shown by the passage of the bail reform and judicial oversight amendments.
The new dedicated funding mechanisms created by Propositions 1 and 4 mark a major structural change. These measures bypass the normal budget process and remain permanent unless repealed by another constitutional amendment. Although they guarantee funding for important state needs, they also reduce transparency and long-term flexibility for lawmakers.
Texas Policy Research Perspective
Texas Policy Research evaluates all constitutional proposals through the lens of five guiding liberty principles: individual liberty, personal responsibility, free enterprise, private property rights, and limited government. The 2025 results highlight the tension between those principles and the state’s growing reliance on constitutional funding mechanisms that fall outside the traditional appropriations process.
From a liberty perspective, this election was both encouraging and cautionary. Measures protecting property rights, reducing taxes, and affirming family and citizenship values strengthen the foundations of limited government. At the same time, the proliferation of permanent constitutional funds risks transforming the state constitution into a long-term budget plan rather than a structural governing document.
Texans clearly favor policies that uphold low taxes and economic freedom, yet their willingness to enshrine spending programs in the Constitution reflects an increasing trust in government-managed solutions. This dynamic will shape Texas’s fiscal trajectory and test the balance between limited government and proactive governance in future sessions.
Conclusion
The 2025 Constitutional Amendment Election produced one of the most sweeping rounds of changes to the Texas Constitution in decades. Texans approved every measure on the ballot, signaling support for property tax relief, infrastructure investment, parental rights, and judicial reform. Yet they also locked billions of dollars in new spending into the state’s foundational document.
For advocates of limited government, the outcome reflects both progress and warning. The Constitution remains a vehicle for protecting liberty, but has increasingly become a ledger of state spending and policy. Texas Policy Research will continue monitoring how these amendments are implemented, how their funds are managed, and how they affect legislative accountability and the long-term fiscal health of the Lone Star State.
Our Statement on the Passage of All 17 Amendments
Texas Policy Research also issued a public statement following the election. In that statement, TPR President Jeramy Kitchen noted that while Texans made their choices, many remain unaware that these votes permanently alter the state’s Constitution, often to authorize spending or programs that should be handled through ordinary legislation.
Kitchen emphasized that “the Texas Constitution was never intended to serve as a budget ledger or a policy wish list,” warning that dedicating billions of taxpayer dollars outside of spending limits and long-term oversight runs counter to the principles of limited government and fiscal transparency.
The statement also highlighted the organization’s statewide educational outreach through its Constitutional Amendment Speaking Tour, which engaged civic groups and voters across Texas to explain how each proposition aligned with Texas Policy Research’s five liberty principles. Readers can view the full statement here and learn more about the organization’s ongoing mission to promote liberty-based solutions in state governance.
For more information about the Texas Constitution and the amendment process, please see Texas Policy Research’s “Explainer” Why Texas Has So Many Constitutional Amendments: What The Numbers Reveal.
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