HB 1578 introduces exceptions to current Texas laws prohibiting abortion. It permits abortions when necessary to prevent serious harm to the health or well-being of the pregnant patient or in cases of pregnancies resulting from sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, or incest. It also directs the Texas Medical Board to annually publish a list of medical conditions that pose serious health risks to pregnant patients. The bill repeals certain existing statutes restricting abortion access and clarifies that pregnant individuals cannot be prosecuted under the law.