HB 2183 revises penalties for possession offenses under the Texas Controlled Substances Act, reducing the maximum prison sentence for third-degree felony possession to five years. It adjusts penalty thresholds for various controlled substances, marijuana, and abuse units, consolidating penalties while eliminating certain enhancements based on quantity. It also prevents previous convictions for drug possession from being used for sentence enhancements. The bill applies retroactively but does not affect final convictions as of September 1, 2025​.