HB 3278 directs the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to conduct a study on the environmental, economic, and infrastructure impacts of solar and wind energy facilities in Texas. The study will assess land use changes, decommissioning challenges, grid reliability concerns, economic effects on rural communities, fire risks, wildlife impacts, and potential health effects. The commission must submit an interim report by September 1, 2026, and a final report by January 31, 2027. The bill also imposes a moratorium on state economic incentives for new solar and wind projects until the completion of the study​.